This winter pasture turnout is perfect, except for the mud six months a year . . .
Several acres per horse, but they spend all their time within a few feet of the fencerow, socializing.
Oddly enough, rainfall does not cause mud...
... heavy traffic with narrow footprints striking the same spot of soil repeatedly compacts soil, and creates sedimentation.
Natural footing is always the best for horses (throughout history: dirt, sand and/or pasture with natural drainage).
However, when horse populations are confined in farms or ranches, the problem of soil compaction, sedimentation, and the subsequent intermingling of the surface with the subsoil arises.
Since it is not practical to provide the "million acres per horse" that their hooves are designed for...
... The next best solution is to prevent the surface compaction and sedimentation:
while preserving the natural footing and drainage,
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